"Raising powder." Raising agent used to make a baked mixture light. It may be baking powder consists of bicarbonate of soda (US: baking soda) and cream of tartar mixed with flour or starch.
Tree sparrow. Extraordinary to think of these birds as being eaten, but in times of food shortages they might be braised or cooked on a spit. How fortunate we are not to have lived in such hard times.
American signals. A species of freshwater crayfish which has slowly done to the indigenous crayfish of Great Britain what the grey squirrel did to the red. It is fast growing and resistant to disease. These are crustaceans which resemble small lobsters, with most of the sweet meat in the tail and with red claws almost as large as their bodies. Like lobsters, they are mottled blue-black until they are cooked, when they turn bright red. They breed in autumn (US: fall) and the best are those caught in summer. They seek out unpolluted lakes and streams. Their presence in a dish may be indicated by Nantua as part of the description. They are sometimes erroneously called crawfish.
