Sugar beet is a root vegetable which is a major source of sugar.
A sugar bowl or basin is a receptacle for sugar or sugar lumps on the table.
Pan di Zucchero (Sugarloaf). A cabbage-like variety of endive (US: chicory) with rather upright, green lobed leaves and self blanching heart inside a long, tight head. It is widely used in Italy.
Sugar lumps are made with sugar formed into cubes of the right size to be dropped daintily into a cup of tea.