Jaggery or gur is raw sugar produced from a reduction of  molasses.  It can be found in powder form but is often found in a thick sticky cake.  Jaggery is obtained from the sap of many palms including, coconut, date, and palmyra and from sugar cane juice. It is used extensively in Indian cooking and has a flavor reminiscent of Demerara sugar (US: light brown (granulated) sugar) and caramel.  Gur and jaggery are prescribed in Ayurvedic medicine to aide in digestion, to reduce infections of the lungs, and control blood pressure. 

Freshwater crayfish

Meat. Generally mutton

Gram usually means "whole" when referring to pulses. However, gram dhal specifically refers to chickpeas (US: garbanzo beans), channa dhal. This used darker and smaller chickpeas than those generally available in the West.

Mung bean. Whole green gram. Used for soups and dhals and for bean sprouts.

Jaggery or gur. Palm sugar, obtained from the sap of, usually, the date or Palmyra palm. It is used extensively in Indian cooking and has a flavour reminiscent of Demerara sugar (US: light brown (granulated) sugar). Palm sugar is the better quality of the two.