A consommé-like stock, strong and spicy, flavoured with fried onion, coriander (US: cilantro) seed, fennel seed, chopped red pepper, garlic or ginger and then reduced. Typically it is used for steaming rice and vegetables.
Liquorice. A sweet root with an aroma reminiscent of aniseed. Madhu generally means sweet in the Indian languages.
Indian spinach. This is most likely to be Basella alba, a tropical climbing plant that can grow as high as 2 meters (6 ft), the leaves being harvested as the plant grows and cooked in the same way as spinach or stewed in oil with spices. It is a type of amaranth, which includes many varieties of a sweetish green leafy vegetable known by many different names, including callalloo, elephant’s ear, African/Ceylon/ Chinese/Indian spinach, Surinam amaranth, etc.